Arabic Noun and its Types اَلاسْمُ وَأَنْوَاعُهُ

Pronouns and their Types – اَلضَّمَائِرُ وَأَنْوَاعُهَا

• In this section we will learn the Pronouns, In-Shā’-Allâh (God-willing).
• In the previous lessons we have learnt that in Arabic language there are two types of Pronouns namely Attached Pronouns اَلضَّمائِرُ الْمُتَّصِلَةُ and Detached Pronouns اَلضَّمَائِرُ الْمُنْفَصِلَةُ.
• Similar to the English Language, the Arabic Pronouns are divided by 1st. person ( I / We), 2nd. person (You) and 3rd. person (He / She / They).

• We can see the detached pronouns that we normally use for the different persons below as well as the attached pronouns which we will cover in more detail below.

o   The Attached Pronoun for 1st Person Singular is ي for both masculine and feminine e.g., حَقِيبَتِي  (my bag (fem.)) and for Plural it is نَا for both the masculine and feminine دِينُنَا  (our religion)

• The Attached Pronouns for 2nd Person are as follows:
  • 2nd Person Singular Male = كَ e.g., بَيْتُكَ meaning “Your house”
  • 2nd Person Singular Female = كِ e.g., كِتَابُكِ meaning “Your book”
  • 2nd Person Dual for both masculine and feminine = كُمَا e.g., مَكْتَبُكُمَا meaning “Desk of both of you”
  • 2nd Person Plural masculine = كُمْ e.g., أُسْتَاذُكُمْ meaning “The teacher of all of you”.
  • 2nd Person Plural feminine = كُنَّ e.g., غُرْفَتُكُنَّ meaning “The room of all of you”
• The Attached Pronouns for 3rd Person are as follows:
  • 3rd Person Singular Male = هُ e.g., مِسْطَرَتُهُ meaning “His ruler”
  • 3rd Person Singular Female = هَا e.g., مَطْبَخُهَا meaning “Her kitchen”
  • 3rd Person Dual for both masculine and feminine = هُمَا e.g., مَدْرَسَتُهُمَا meaning “School of both of them”
  • 3rd Person Plural masculine = هُمْ e.g., مَلْعَبُهُمْ meaning “Their play ground”.
  • 3rd Person Plural feminine = هُنَّ e.g., وَاجِبُهُنَّ meaning “Their duty” 
• It must be remembered however that the noun followed by the attached pronoun is always a definite noun and therefore it does not take a double vowel.  
• Let’s review some examples to understand this rule:

Introduction – مُقَدِّمَةٌ

• In this lesson, we will learn about the Demonstrative Pronouns أَسْماءُ الإِشَارَةِ and Relative Pronouns الأَسْمَاءُ الْمَوْصُولَةُ in detail.
• In previous lessons we have learnt the basics of the Demonstrative Pronouns (see Lesson 1, Lesson 2, Lesson 6, Lesson 7|L007_001.html||, Lesson 13, & Lesson 18) and Relative Pronouns in (Lesson 9, & Lesson 12).
• “A Demonstrative Pronoun is a noun that represents the near or the distant object.
  • We know that in English “This” is used to point to the near singular object and “That” is used for the distant object and “These” is used to point towards the near Plural Objects and “Those” is used for the Distant Objects. However different nouns are not used for the Dual (in English language) and there is no difference of gender i.e., the same nouns are used for the masculine as well as the feminine.
  •  In Arabic however, different Demonstrative Pronouns are used for singular, dual and plural objects. Similarly different Nouns are used for the masculine as well as the feminine.

• Following are the examples for the Demonstrative Pronouns:

• “A Relative Pronoun is a noun which refers or relates to some noun preceding it”.
  • The Arabic Relative Pronouns have different forms for singular, dual and plural as well as for masculine and feminine.

 Let’s take some examples of the Relative Pronouns: